Portfolio of Seven Case Briefs on Different Business Law Topics Essay

Portfolio of Seven Case Briefs on Different Business Law Topics - Essay Example Reeder-Simco is a business entity that acts as a Volvo dealer in Fort Smith, Arkansas. In February of 2000, it filed suit against Volvo on the allegation that its (Reeder’s) sales and profits declined due to Volvo’s price discrimination practices. Reeder-Simco alleges that Volvo offered to other dealers price concessions that were significantly more favorable than those given to Reeder-Simco. Thus, it filed suit against Volvo for allegedly violating the Robinson-Patman Act (RPA), which prohibits forms of discriminatory pricing that reduce competition. On this basis, Reeder explained that its business is conducted in the following manner: retail customers take bids from dealers who solicit price concessions from the manufacturers. These concessions are factored into dealer’s bids. Reeder accuses Volvo of offering better price concessions to other Volvo dealers bidding for different customers, directly resulting in Reeder suffering losses. The District Court District Court allowed the case to go to a jury, who held in favor of Reeder and awarded damages. Volvo appealed the decision, arguing a lack of competition was present, which is required by the RPA to apply. Volvo substantiated its contention stating that Reeder was not actually bidding against the Volvo dealers who supposedly were given favorable concessions. The appellate court dismissed the appeal, ruling that even though Volvo dealers do not actually bid against each other, they effectively competed at the same functional level.

Environmental factors affecting Nespresso in China Essay Example for Free

Environmental factors affecting Nespresso in China Essay The micro environment on the other hand comprises the industry and market.   Religion, education, ethnicity, education and language, age group, family, cross cultural differences. In 1978, the Chinese government introduced a birth control policy of one child per family. (Newsweek 2014) This in the long run will reduce both sales and labor availability for Companies especially foreign brands like nespresso. The business culture in china is based on strong family ties and cultural network. Guanxi is a Chinese business practice of favoring a family and close friends prior to doing business. This could be unfavorable to foreign businesses like nespresso and other western companies. LEGAL FACTORS. Foreign trade laws, land ownership laws, patent and trademark laws, piracy laws, lobbying laws. According to reports, foreign firms cannot and do not acquire land as all land remains the property of the Chinese government. However the lease system provides foreign firms and corporation access to land for about a period of 50years after which the lease can be renewed. There was a case of McDonalds in Beijing who were forced out of their property by the government during the contract period (China unique, 2013). This spells an unstable working environment for nespresso. ECONOMIC FACTORS Economic factors include, Unemployment rate, exchange rate, inflation, interest rate, consumer discretionary income, labor cost. Unemployment: According to the ministry of human resources and social security of the PRC, there has been a significant decrease in unemployment rate in China from 4. 10 in the last quarter of 2013 to 4 percent in the second quarter of 2013 (Trading economics, 2014). This will increase salaries and wages due to scarcity of labor as only few of the population are unemployed. Similarly, Chinas inflation rate as reported by National Bureau of Statistics of China was at 2. 50 percent in January 2014 (Bloomberg business week Jan. 2014). This has caused a reduction in unemployment and an increase in wages. This might mean an increase in sales for western brands like nespresso and luxurious brands. According to ban and company luxury goods purchases has slowed down by 7percent as Chinese shoppers now do their luxury shopping abroad (Ban and company 2013). This might not be too good for foreign companies in china but it shows how passionate Chinese are for luxury brands. Chinas GDP were recorded at 7. 7 percent (9. 4 trillion USD) in the fourth quarter of 2013. (Bloomberg business week Jan. 2014) The above information shows that China’s economic environment would promote and facilitate business activities. (Trading economies, 2014). Lower unemployment rate implies high purchasing power of customers. Inflation will affect nespresso because suppliers will demand more. High interest rate means high return on investment. The higher consumer’s discretionary income, the higher their purchasing power especially for premium products like the nespresso brand. POLITICAL FACTORS. Factors present in the political environment include Political Stability, government involvement, trade barriers (tariff and non-tariff) Political stability: The three decades of reform in china has led to both a political and social landscape. (China daily Feb 2014). China has a unique form of political risk which is a constant battle between the central government and local government over applicable laws. For Nespesso, this stability and a clear understanding of local law would guarantee a stable business environment in the long run. Government involvement: The purpose of this is to protect domestic firms. (Protectionism). Government may impose barriers (tariff and non-tariff) on imports or foreign investment in order to protect domestic industries and to reduce competition. Although china has continuously opened its market for foreign investors, it has also place restriction on some foreign businesses in certain industries. For instance the restriction on American producers of autos, beef and steel into its market. (Bloomberg news April 2013) TECHNOLOGY. Technology when applied to work makes it easier, quicker and sometimes more efficient. The level of technology. Technology is inputs that improves an organization’s output. Technological factors includes machinery, communication, internet penetration, transport and logistics, social infrastructure. Internet penetration and logistics. See question 2 THE MICRO ENVIRONMENT INDUSTRY ANALYSIS PORTER’S FIVE FORCES. Local suppliers include; Yunnan Zheng coffee co ltd, Baoshan Yatong coffee commercial co. ltd, Dehong Hogu coffee co ltd, Yunnan Changshengda investment co. ltd, Kunming Qianxi industry and trade co ltd, Acme Fate international ltd (Alibaba, 2014). This shows that the supplier power is low because there are so many suppliers in the industry. Power of buyers (customers): With over 14million people in shanghai and other major cities of china and the tea drinking tradition of the Chinese people, there tend to be a high buyer power amongst customers. Also, the quest for luxurious band amongst Chinese consumers tend to influence buying power Competitors: The level of competition in china is high not just for coffee consumption but also for other hot drinks. In terms of luxurious coffee key players include Starbucks, costa, McDonalds, 85 degrees, pacific coffee etc. research from Mintel has shown that there has been an increase in the number of cafes from 15,898 to 31,283 between 2007 and 2012. (China briefing, 2013). Threat of new entrants: With the existence of so many players in the coffee industry it can be concluded that there is high threat of new entrants because it may seem that coffee business in China is attractive. Analysts say there will be a continuous increase in the consumption of instant coffee. (Euro monitor international). Industry rivalry: Competition is intense in the coffee industry in china as key player continue to compete in different ways. According to reports, there is a continuous fight for market share, who has more coffee shops etc. As Starbucks plans to have 1500 stores in china, costa coffee has stated their intention to increase its number to 2500 by 2018. Nestle and Starbucks has been competing for dominance of china’s coffee market for the last decade. While nestle has focused on being a ubiquitous brand, Starbucks has targeted the upper middle class. (Context china) QUESTION TWO According to reports, China has 618million internet users. 80percent of this number are mobile internet users. (ZDnet, 2014). The outbreak of mobile internet users drove the number from 500million as at December 2013. With this number of internet users, a firm would have no problem carrying out online sales, advertising, or communicating with its customers. A report by adage confirms that Taoboa and Tmall, two of china’s largest e-commerce company broke their last year’s sales record via the internet. Therefore many firms are capitalizing on the power of the internet by doing series of online promotion. (Adage, 2013) Online retail sale according to Bloomberg, went up by 2percent last year (adage, 2013). The surging internet purchase indicates that Chinese consumers are moving away from bricks and mortar outlets for their shopping. Opportunities of online CRM and sales include; Wider reach. Using the internet, nespresso can keep up with a large number of its customers on a daily or weekly bases. Advertising. Nespresso can also use the internet to advertise its product to millions of customers at the same time. This could be cheaper to operate too. Segmenting purposes. The record of customers and their previous purchase can help nespresso in automatically segmenting it customers based on purchase history Feedback and adjustment. Customer feedbacks is very important as these information can be used in making services or products better. Despite the attractive and promising nature of using the internet, investors and firms should also consider the drawbacks of using the internet for sales and communication. The Chinese government recently just imposed a new law regarding e-Commerce in China. The law stipulates that real names registration of sellers on third party platforms, strict seven days return policy, and also online payment market place must safeguard user’s privacy. (Pac net services, 2014) Another report says the government is imposing a law where all consumer to consumer online trading would have to register for a business license and  also pay taxes (China daily, 2014) Legal system. There are different legal restriction and regulation from government and regulatory bodies. Payment environment: the cash payment culture of the Chinese creates difficulties for online shopping. International credit cards are not accepted in most online shops. There is unavailability of credit card payment in most transactional websites. The online payment system in china is still at an infant stage. Logistics network environment: there is a restriction on foreign investment of logistics companies. Limited choices of delivery therefore, much more time is spent on delivery (jitm, 2007). QUESTION THREE Despite the large number of internet users I personally would recommend that nespresso adopt another marketing strategy as it will be very harmful to assume that the nespresso club would work in the Chinese market. From careful observation of the forces at work in the Chinese market environment, I can say that there is high level of government protectionism and regulation on internet businesses (Ecommerce) that tends to favor Chinese owned firms and businesses. Report has it that not only were a lot of websites blocked in china, there were also a Chinese replacement. Sites blocked include Facebook, yahoo, google, twitter, YouTube etc. according to report, the British newspaper The Guardian along with The New York times and Bloomberg news has been blocked in china for over a year. Motives for this act remains unknown (Taipei Times, 2014). Nespresso’s use of the internet is limited as not so much can be achieved due to interference by the government therefore using the internet could hinder performance as there is too much interference from the government. Nespresso should adapt its marketing mix to overcome the current situation of internet insecurity so as to reduce reliance on the internet. Though the internet can be used to position the nespresso brand image in the minds of the consumers for sales, or advertising or customer relationship but it won’t be wise business decision to apply the nespresso club concept in China because the government can decide blacklist them just like the case of Facebook. Nespresso should create more awareness about its brand to the Chinese public especially the less educated ones explaining the difference between house coffee and the nespresso brand Lastly, since there is already a tea drinking tradition amongst the Chinese population, nespresso should consider a local adaptation which involves offering other kinds of hot drinks so as to have a variety of products for it ever growing tea drinking customers.

The Easter Vigil: The Primary Liturgy. Which Shows The Church As A Sac :: essays research papers

Every year, on the day before Easter, one of the biggest and most important masses of the year happens on that night. The mass is called the Easter Vigil. The Vigil brings out the true and full nature of the Catholic Church and all of its people. It celebrates Jesus Christ, as he rises from the dead and ascends into heaven. Since this mass is so large, it is split into four parts. The first, the Service of Light, and is the most solemn part of the mass the Church celebrates. The second part is the Liturgy of the Word, in which you listen to a reader who reads from the books of the Bible such as Genesis and Exodus. The third part of the celebration is known as the Celebration of the Rites of Initiation. At this point people become part of the Church and receive such sacraments as Baptism, Communion, and Confirmation. The fourth part of the vigil is the Liturgy of the Eucharist. The Liturgy of the Eucharist is the climax of the Easter Vigil. The Easter Vigil is the biggest mass in the Church and it requires four parts in the Service of Light, The Liturgy of the Word, the Celebration of the Rights of Initiation, and the Liturgy of the Eucharist, but also requires much more faith and concentration to fully appreciate it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first part of the Easter Vigil is the Service of Light. The Service of Light is the most solemn time during the Easter Vigil and where the people of the Catholic Church show the most respect. All the lights in the Church are turned off. The minister carries the paschal candle slowly into the Church. As the candle is shared with the rest of the congregation, the atmosphere is very dark and glum. As the minister brings the candle towards the altar, the following response is sung by the pastor and by everyone else in the Church. The Deacon or the Celebrant sings â€Å"Christ our Light† and everyone responds, â€Å"Thanks be to God†. This is done three times and after this the choir sings the Exultet. The focus on signing is of the risen Jesus Christ. After, the paschal candle reaches the altar; it is placed on a stand next to the lantern. This marks the ending of the first part of the Easter Vigil, the Service of light.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second part of the Easter Vigil is the Liturgy of the Word.

coma :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book starts out with a woman, Nancy Greenly, going to the Boston Memorial Hospital because she is having an extra heavy period. After being examined, she is going to have an operation in OR room 8. Something happens during the operation, and Nancy becomes brain dead.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Susan Wheeler, a medical student, is waking up for her first day in the field after two years of studying to become a medical doctor. She is very attractive with blond hair. She has blue, brown, and flecks of green in her eyes. When she and five other medical students go the Boston Memorial Hospital, all that the nurses think of them is that they are nuisances. They find Mark Bellows, who will be watching over them while they were staying at the hospital. Bellows plans to give a lecture every morning, and have one of the students give a lecture every afternoon. After they go to an OR room to see a real operation, they see Nancy Greenly and Susan is shocked at what happened to her. Bellows tells her that the chance of something like that happening is one in one hundred thousand. When Bellows is talking to them, Susan gets paged and is needed to start an I.V. The patient, Sean Berman is having a minor knee surgery. When Sean is in surgery, the same thing that happened to Nancy Greenly happens to him too, and Susan decides to research the topic for her third year report and find out why these two things have happened in such a short time when the chances are so slim.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is my least favorite part. The first thing that Susan does is go to the hospital library to research coma. She finds out that no one really knows why anyone goes into a coma, and that the subject is so vast it is unbelievable. She writes down everything she finds out in her notebook. She then finds the main computer of the hospital and fills out a request form for all cases of coma occurring to inpatients which were unrelated to the patients known disease. She didn't sign her name, though, and when someone else put their request in the box she put it under his so that the information would be sent to that person who was Henry Schwartz. When he got his information with Susan's on the bottom, she told him that there was a mix-up and her request was put with his, so he gave her the bottom part of the printout. coma :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book starts out with a woman, Nancy Greenly, going to the Boston Memorial Hospital because she is having an extra heavy period. After being examined, she is going to have an operation in OR room 8. Something happens during the operation, and Nancy becomes brain dead.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Susan Wheeler, a medical student, is waking up for her first day in the field after two years of studying to become a medical doctor. She is very attractive with blond hair. She has blue, brown, and flecks of green in her eyes. When she and five other medical students go the Boston Memorial Hospital, all that the nurses think of them is that they are nuisances. They find Mark Bellows, who will be watching over them while they were staying at the hospital. Bellows plans to give a lecture every morning, and have one of the students give a lecture every afternoon. After they go to an OR room to see a real operation, they see Nancy Greenly and Susan is shocked at what happened to her. Bellows tells her that the chance of something like that happening is one in one hundred thousand. When Bellows is talking to them, Susan gets paged and is needed to start an I.V. The patient, Sean Berman is having a minor knee surgery. When Sean is in surgery, the same thing that happened to Nancy Greenly happens to him too, and Susan decides to research the topic for her third year report and find out why these two things have happened in such a short time when the chances are so slim.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is my least favorite part. The first thing that Susan does is go to the hospital library to research coma. She finds out that no one really knows why anyone goes into a coma, and that the subject is so vast it is unbelievable. She writes down everything she finds out in her notebook. She then finds the main computer of the hospital and fills out a request form for all cases of coma occurring to inpatients which were unrelated to the patients known disease. She didn't sign her name, though, and when someone else put their request in the box she put it under his so that the information would be sent to that person who was Henry Schwartz. When he got his information with Susan's on the bottom, she told him that there was a mix-up and her request was put with his, so he gave her the bottom part of the printout.

Stan’s Future Self and Evil Cartman: Pop Culture Assignment

Stan’s Future Self and Evil Cartman: Pop Culture Assignment By: Sachman Aul In the article Stan’s Future Self and Evil Cartman, Shai Biderman’s purpose of writing this article is to explain the idea of personal identity in South Park. This part of the book is targeted towards anyone who is studying or learning philosophy due to the fact that Shai explores the views of many philosophers that you have to know to understand his point that he is trying to make in this chapter. Biderman uses South Park as a clever way to get the attention of new readers, or teenagers.Therefore, the article allows people to read on philosopher’s theories on personal identity, in such a way to target and adult audience. Shai’s argument in this chapter is that South Park contains the questions and answers of many of the most asked philosophic question: what makes us, us? In order for Shai to support his argument, he uses several philosophers’ views such as John Locke , David Hume and lastly Thomas Reid. At the start of the article, readers begin exploring Shai Bidermans argument on personal identity, and how many episodes of South Park are discussed where personal identity comes into question.For instance, the retelling of stories on the bus, Stan meets his alleged future self and when the boys find an alternate Cartman which deals with being in the same place at the same time, Stan’s clone, Jenifer Lopez being Cartman’s hand, and Cartman drinking Kenny’s ashes. Biderman states that the most important thing in personal identity happens to the be brain, therefore people will soon enough change over time due to the changes of the brain. But in the episode â€Å"The Biggest Douche in the Universe,† Biderman explains how the actor Rob Schneider’s new film, changes his characters however is still portrayed as Rob Schneider himself.David Hume states that each of us appear to be â€Å"a bundle or collection of differ ent perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity, and are in a perpetual flux and movement†. The concept behind Hume’s theory is that we all consist of feelings, consistently changing thoughts, and attitudes. In the article, it is quite clear that memory also plays its role in personal identity, and the change over time; therefore it is one’s memory that allows he or she to be the same â€Å"type† of person over time.John Locke happened to support the idea of memory, and stated â€Å"thinking intelligent being, that has reason and reflection, and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing, in different times and places† (pg. 207). However, Thomas Reid seemed to point out a downfall in the idea of memory, it may be important, but it doesn’t explain the true purpose for personal identity (pg. 208). Shai Biderman states that overall the question of personal identity is still in place. But what truly is it? Is it a sense of psychological experiences over time or better yet, physical experiences?It is without a doubt that this article tackled the arguments that were made by many supporting theories and the use of philosophers and other views. Therefore, it made it quite easy for any reader to get a general idea on the subject and the facts that were made related to pop culture, thus creating an interest for many. I truly believe that Shai Biderman’s arguments were definitely well supported with the evidence that was given, as well as the use of south park episodes to back up the argument.

ndividual Reflective Report Essays

ndividual Reflective Report Essays ndividual Reflective Report Essay ndividual Reflective Report Essay Essay Topic: Reflective In this report, I am going to describe my own role in helping the team to achieve its goal in relation to the team report and the practical negotiation exercise. Also I will provide evidence of my contribution to the cohesiveness of the team and how I facilitated the completion of the team goals.  In this semester of the integrative core session, I have been arranged to group 2 team A with other group mates and they were all new to me. At the beginning of the class start, I introduce myself to them and meet friends with them. Although I am a Chinese and my English is not very fluent, Id like to be active and always talk to my group mates even though they seems not really understand what I mean. Because of the communication problem, we always have problem when doing the exercise during the class. In the first few classes, we had a decision making exercise on the case study of Kelvin Hall sport center and we need to have a group discussion about the future of Kelvin Hall. Through the process, my group mates Laura, Julio and Niiki suggested the ideas that keep the Kelvin Hall and oppose to sell it to the developers. And others have suggested the relocating the Kelvin hall to another area or keep the venue in the current position but modernized it. After the objectives are set, we have to discuss the trade-off of each suggestion. I remember that at first, I d like to be active and always give my own opinions for why not sell the Kelvin Hall to the developers. However, after my explanation to my group mates, they seem like not really understand and I remember Laura said: No, Monica, we are talking about the question like And I was so ashamed and say, oh, sorry, I misunderstand and then they continued to discuss the problem. At that moment, I really upset because I am not only cant help the group but also give them trouble. However, I havent give up for the discussion, as the class was about 2 hours long. So, I try to be silent and listen carefully to what they said. Then, I write down the notes and keep the ideas in my mind. When I have got enough information of the issues, I d like to join the discussion and express my opinions again to my mates, and Julio, he is a nice person that always give me time to express my ideas and encourage me to do that. Although my ideas may not be helpful, I learn how to making decision and how to communicate and co-operate with others. Like the preparation of the negotiation test in week 8, Lesley, Rennie and me is in the side of sportscotland and we need to have a preparation for the test in week 10. And we have about 20 to 30 minutes to discuss the matter we face. And I am so unhappy during the discussion. I remember I was sitting between rennie and lesley, I was in the middle and they both just talking to each other and I feel like be ignored. But I have no other choice and need to say something. I know its my own problem for poor English but at that moment I really dont know what can I do, I dont want to sit in the group and say nothing so I asked them question like: Sorry to interrupt you both, as I am not really understand the question and would you mind to speak slower and explain to me please? I know I am so impolite to ask that question but my group mates rennie and Lesley are so kind to explain to me and then we discuss the matter together and finish the discussion quickly. I was so happy and feel very success at the moment because I have had involved to the exercise. However, I was so careless in week 10 as I was absent for the test. I know it is my own responsibility to check the timetable before the class and I havent done that. So I affect my group in the test and I just left rennie and Lesley to do their own. I am really regretted and I am so sorry. I will be bear the cost for not attends to the test.  The first semester of the integrative core session will be finished by the Project of the Kelvin Hall Report done by the group. I need to be do the report very well as I have lost my marks in the negotiation test and also to put effort in my group as I know it is a team work. I will work very hard on the project and co-operating very well with my group mate to finish the report together.  To conclude, I have learn many things and gain lots of experience in this semester during the integrative core session and I d like to do my best through the mistake I have made, or at least not doing wrong, repeat the mistake again!

Coming of Age in Gorilla My Love Essays

Coming of Age in Gorilla My Love Essays Coming of Age in Gorilla My Love Paper Coming of Age in Gorilla My Love Paper Coming of age is an experience that varies from culture to culture, but one that every child will go through; it is the transition of youth to adulthood. Coming of age is a series of important events in ones life and can sometimes be a difficult transition. It is this concern that Toni Cade Bambara focuses on in her short story â€Å"Gorilla My Love†. The Story begins with the main character, Hazel, navigating down the road with her uncle Hunca Bubba and her brother Baby Jason. The story shifts quickly into a flashback memory taken place at the movie theater with Hazel and her two brothers after she is shown a picture, but the movie they planned to see turned out to be completely different from what they thought. Towards the end the story shifts back to the car and Hunca Bubba proceeds to let her know he will be marrying his new girlfriend which then angers Hazel, as she explains, â€Å"and I’m crying and crumplin down in the seat and just donâ €™t care.† (68) She points out the time when her uncle promised hed wait and marry her and goes on to let him know he is a liar. Hazel is painfully growing up. The primary way Bambara communicates this theme is through the way she characterizes Hazel. The stories narrator Bambara does a well job communicating to the reader Hazel’s firm impression of virtue, although her dialog and actions can be misleading. Honesty is an important role in what she believes.As readers, we see that the perception of integrity is unusual in her eyes and to some extent child like. Taking everything so literally, she expects people to mean  exactly  what they say. As readers we learn immediately that names play an important role in â€Å"Gorilla, My Love† Hazel gives us many nicknames including Badbird, Miss Muffin, Peaches, and Scout. These nicknames were given out before we even knew Hazel’s name, which allows the reader to paint a picture about how her peers view her. All carrying a childish vibe to them indi

Heres How to Navigate a Twitter Pitch Party (and Land a Book Deal)

Heres How to Navigate a Twitter Pitch Party (and Land a Book Deal) The Ins and Outs of a Twitter Pitch Party If you're familiar with the traditional publishing landscape, you'll know that it's really hard to land a book deal without an agent, and it's impossible to get an agent without sending dozens of query letters†¦ There are, however, a few ways to  get to know agents before you submit to them. One is to go to conferences. Another one is Twitter Pitch Parties - and those don't require you leaving even your house!In this post, publisher, author and professional speaker L. Diane Wolfe explains what these "parties" are, and how they can help you find that agent or get that book deal you've been dreaming of! Wolfe is also an administrator for the Insecure Writer’s Support Group, which is launching its annual Twitter Pitch Party on January 18, 2018. Details here.You’ve probably heard of pitch parties or seen one in action. There are dozens upon dozens of pitch parties throughout the year. Some draw over a thousand participants. If you’re not familiar with the con cept, you might be wondering†¦What is a Twitter pitch party? Hosted by an organization, individual, or publisher, a Twitter pitch party usually lasts twelve hours. Using the designated hashtag for the event, writers Tweet a summary/pitch of their manuscript. Publishers and agents watch the hashtag feed and â€Å"heart† pitches that interest them. Writers receiving a â€Å"heart† can then submit a completed query. And the best part? It’s already been requested, which means it won’t be an unsolicited query that falls into the slush pile.Each organizer has its own set of rules, but these are the general guidelines:Writer Tweets must include the Twitter pitch hashtag. (#IWSGPit, #PitMad, etc.)Tweets must also include the appropriate genre hashtag. (e.g. #YA)Tweets can only be sent out at intervals - once an hour, once every other hour, etc.You can re-Tweet your friends’ Tweets, but do not â€Å"heart† them.Publishers and agents will â€Å"heart† the pitches that interest them, inviting those writer s to send a query. Looking for an agent? Take a look at upcoming Twitter Pitch Parties in your genre! Who should enter a Twitter pitch?Any writer with a complete and polished manuscript that is ready for querying or in the process of being queried. (Unless you have already signed with an agent or publisher, or your manuscript is under exclusive consideration.) Writers should check the dates of pitch events and the genres featured. Some include a wide variety of genres and some are very specific. Find the pitch contests that fit your manuscript best.Preparation is key. Familiarize yourself with the participating publishers and agents if they are listed on the host site. You can then tailor your Tweets to what they seek. Write your pitch Tweets in advance, crafting 3-4 different ones for each manuscript. Be sure to leave room for hashtags and include all those that pertain to your story in your Tweets. Avoid the use of images, including â€Å"possible† cover art. Write your pitch tweets in advance and craft 3-4 different ones for each manuscript. How to make the most out of the pitch partyOn the day of the event, start Tweeting at the appropriate time. Remember to send Tweets out at the requested intervals and alternate your Tweets so participants aren’t seeing the same one over and over. Some publishers and agents tune in early and some later in the day, so you’ll have to continue checking the hashtag feed. Check your own profile and note any â€Å"hearts† on your pitches. You can also check on the competition and do a search for your genre’s hashtag among the Twitter pitches. If you receive â€Å"hearts† on your pitch, go to that publisher or agent’s Twitter profile first. Many will tweet how they want to receive the pitch queries. Whether they do or not, visit their website and read the submission guidelines. Even if it was a requested query, you still want to follow etiquette and send a proper query. Before you send any query, double-check the publisher or agent’s reputation. Go a general Google search and check sites such as Critters Workshop or SFWA. When you send your query, be sure to note that it was a Twitter pitch request (using the pitch’s hashtag) in the email’s subject line. If you get your Twitter pitch "hearted," make sure you follow the agent's guidelines when submitting! If you don’t receive any â€Å"hearts,† don’t despair. This business is all about timing. Perhaps your pitch sounded similar to a book already in production. Or perhaps the right publisher missed your pitch. Take this opportunity to fine-tune your pitch for the next pitch party. And of course, continue sending query letters to agents and publishers on your list. Twitter parties don’t replace actual query letters, but they are a great way to test the waters and perhaps get a request. There are hundreds of success stories - you might be one pitch party away from yours.If you’re ready to jump into a Twitter pitch party, the Insecure Writer’s Support Group is hosting one on January 18, 2018. Details can be found here.  Lists of Twitter pitch parties can also be found at Carissa Taylor's blog and John R Berkowitz's. Join @TheIWSG's Twitter pitch party on January 18 for a chance to land a publishing deal! Have you had any luck with Twitter pitches in the past? Share your success stories with us, or feel free to ask Wolfe any question about pitches in the comments below!

Early Modern Revolutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Early Modern Revolutions - Essay Example After a discussion on these questions, this paper finally ends with a short conclusion. To understand the concept of revolution, it said that it is best to postpone any attempt to define it until one has inquired into its history. A revolution must not be considered as timeless thing that is wanting of change and variety. Like all human artifacts revolution has a history; therefore, one's understanding of revolution must be sensitive to those changes. Relative to this discussion are the views of revolutionists Max Weber and Friedrich Nietzsche during their time.1 Weber (1864-1920) said, "Definition can be attempted, if at all, only at the conclusion of the study." Meanwhile, Nietzsche (1844-1900) held that "only that which has no history can be defined."2 To understand then a revolution, we look to its history. Both the American and French revolutions happened in the late 18th centuries. Although the two revolutions took place at different occasions and different continents, their causes were very much alike. The American and French Revolutions did acutally both begin with conservative intentions. The Americans wished, they said, to go back to the working arrangement that they had had with the British state since the seventeenth century. On the other hand, the French wished to restore power to the old institutions of the parliaments and the Estates-General. In both cases the revolution rapidly went beyond these conservative premises, to the alarm of many who began the revolution.3 A new concept of revolution arose in the course of these revolutions. Tom Paine, whose pamphlet Common Sense (1776) called the American Revolution as "the birth-day of a new world," went on in The Rights of Man (1791-1792) to see the French and American Revolutions as jointly introducing a truly "age of Revolutions, in which everything may be looked for." Paine4 said - "What were formerly called Revolutions, were little more than a change of persons, or an alteration of local circumstances. They rose and fell like things, of course, and had nothing in their existence or their fate that could influence beyond the spot that produced them. But what we now see in the world, from the Revolutions of America and France, are a renovation of the natural order of things, a system of principles as universal as truth and the existence of man, and combining moral with political happiness and national prosperity." (Paine, 1984 ed., p. 144) Revolution has come to mean the action of human will and human reason upon an imperfect and unjust world, to bring into being the good society, a world of reality.5 At this point, the powerful writing of Sieys (In Whitcomb, 1899)6 can come full to render insights on man's "acting upon an imperfect and unjust world to bring into being the good society." Sieys,7 was said to be the spokesman of the Third Estate in the preliminary struggle for the organization. He wrote about public functions in which he said that the Third Estate attends to nineteen-twentieths of them, with this distinction: "that it is laden with all that which is really painful, with all the burdens which the privileged classes refuse to carry." And then he asked, "Do we give the Third Estate credit for this" He continued - That this might come about, it would be necessary that the Third Estate should refuse to fill these places, or that it should be less ready to exercise their

Critical Evaluation of a Journal Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical Evaluation of a Journal Article - Essay Example e.g., young children at home and many housework hours) and spousal support would demonstrate a stronger correlation with the F 3 W conflict for individuals in the family profile than for individuals in the work profile. For the first hypothesis, the authors have anticipated that four different groups would appear based on high versus low importance attributions to work and family roles. For the second hypothesis, participants belonging to the dual profile were expected to exhibit a high level of W 3 F conflict and F 3 W conflict because of their desire to invest time and energy in both roles. With regard to the third hypothesis on family-related stress and support variables, the researchers said research has linked high levels of F 3 W conflict to the presence of small children in the home (Lewis & Cooper, 1988) and to many hours invested in housework (Voydanoff, 1988). However, spousal support was found to moderate the F 3 W conflict (Matsui, Ohsawa, & Onglatco, 1995). Finally, no explanation was mentioned about why the fourth hypothesis was derived. The paper says in the end that the findings generally supported the main hypotheses of the research. According to Creswell (2003), the research question is the statement being examined in the study in its most general form. The way the paper was organized, it was hard to locate the research question or questions. Yet, when a question was found, the paper was not committal. It starts with the words, â€Å"However, these studies investigating†¦. analysis. Thus, the following question remains unanswered: Are work-related stress and support variables similarly related to the W3F conflict among persons belonging to the work profile and individuals belonging to the family profile? There remains evidence†¦.† If this is the research question, it is not comprehensive enough to cover all that the research had studied. In other words, the paper can still be said to have presented no adequate research question. At best, any

Philosophy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Philosophy - Assignment Example of the things they say seem to parallel one another in that the same self-value is recognized though Kant says it is autonomous and comes from within and Mill seems to think it okay to take advantage of others to some degree in order to derive physical pleasure over pain. Kant was a believer in the â€Å"freedom of will† or what we call free will as it pertains to the individual. He also believed that we don’t morally sacrifice our conscience or what is â€Å"good† about us just to meet some expedient need. Mill seems to make the argument that self-preservation comes first. He isn’t going so far as to say it’s okay to trample on others for personal pleasure of the highest degree, but that self-valuation holds the highest place on the ladder. Kant believes that any reasonably sane adult, in possession of rationality and the need to be autonomous (separated from the crowd) in his moral beliefs, will answer the question â€Å"What should I do?† (in this situation) with a two-fold set of beliefs: How will it affect me, and how will it affect others? Moral virtue plus complete happiness equals Highest Good. What is our obligation, our duty, or the good will we must show others when making a determination about how to conduct ourselves in the moral universe? In Mill’s world, the only life’s happiness to be found is in rote self-gratification and the only thing mankind need fret himself about is making certain (s)he is surrounded with only that which makes him feel pleasure and no pain. All else is ‘morally’ expendable, meaning there is no such thing, really, as guilt if the person who derived the pleasurable benefit is happy. Then Kant unwittingly crosses that by saying (close enough) that true happiness comes from within. Mill’s hedonistic stance is that there is no moral guide or judge when a person is pleasuring themselves and that no one has to be surrounded by anything or anyone that does not make them happy or give them their highest pleasures in

The Rise of Mao Zedong within the Communist Party in China, Essay

The Rise of Mao Zedong within the Communist Party in China, Culminating in the Proclamation of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949 - Essay Example He started his career as a teacher. In 1918 he left for Beijing and worked as assistant librarian at the Beijing University. There he became member of Marxist study group. In 1919, he returned to Changsha and became more attracted to the message of Russian revolution and Leninist version of Marxism. Mao was one of the thirteen delegates who attended the Chinese communist party's founding congress which was secretly convened in Shanghai in July 1921 (Mao, 2011). Mao was more attracted to countryside and peasants than cities and proletariats. He spent more time on studying the rural socio economic conditions and focused on organising the peasants. In fact, he discovered the great revolutionary potential of peasants. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has merged with the nationalist party of Kuomintang in 1923. However, this partnership did not last long. By 1927, it became clear that Mao and Chiang had different perceptions on Soviet interests in China. Mao supported Soviet Union while Chiang opposed it. As a result, the CCP- Kuomintang alliance broke. Both the leaders competed for domination of China. While Mao focused on rural areas, Chiang focused on urban areas. In 1927, Mao published the Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan. It contained the important ideas of Mao. He believed in the power of the peasants and described it as a tornado. In his opinion it is "so extraordinarily swift and violent that no power, however great, will be able to suppress it." (2011). He believed in the revolutionary creativity of peasants which Marxist-Leninists reserved for the Communist Party. According to Mao, it is not the party which has to determine the revolutionary capabilities of the peasants, but the peasants who has to judge the capability of the party for revolution. From April, 1927 onwards, Chiang Kai-shek focused on destroying communists and their organisational base in urban areas. Rise of Mao Mao had great admiration for sun Tzu and gave prior ity to maintaining an army. So he formed the Red Army. He knew that war against the powerful state will take years to win. He worked for gaining support for the red army among the peasants. He followed the tactic of sun Tzu, attack when stronger and retreat when weak (Seize the Night, 2010). Mao applied this strategy four times when confronted with the strong forces of Chiang. In 1930, a notable incident called the Futien incident occurred. That is, Mao suspected that a red army unit in Jiangxi is not supporting him and so ordered execution of 3000 officers and men. This shows Mao’s strict nature. Between December 1930 and September 1931, there were three guerrilla campaigns under the leadership of Mao, but failed. The fourth guerrilla campaign in 1932-33 was also a failure. But, the fifth one succeeded. In 1934, after series of defeats, the communists and three red armies were pinned down in the mountains of Jiangxi Province in southern China. The communist army became exhau sted as a result of harassment form the Kuomintang. As a result of the nationalist offensive, the communists and the red armies decided to flee their southern bases and retreat to meet Communist forces in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia in northern China (Hays, 2011). This retreat is known as the long march. It was a six thousand mile march. The long march began in Jiangxi on October 16, 1934 and crossed 24 rivers, 18 mountain ranges (5 covered with snow) and 11 provinces before it ended after 368 days at the caves of Yenan on the edge of the Gobi desert in northern China (Hays, 2011). On January 8, 1935, they met in Zunyi in Guizhou province. There, they discussed the future leadership of the communist party. The old leadership and generals of the red army supported Mao. He was made the

Letter to the Instructor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Letter to the Instructor - Essay Example Similarly, your classes provided me with opportune period to improve on my grammatical weaknesses such as punctuation and sentence structures. The awareness of my strengths and weakness as a writer have facilitated my personal development through optimization of my excellent skills and mitigation of my writing weaknesses. I was most driven and pleased by the narrative essay among the four forms of essay that we covered in the course work. The utmost level of creativity and anecdote pertaining to the narrative essay demanded prolific and versatile writing skills from the writers hence I found it more interesting to work on. On the other hand, summary and response essays did not elicit my creativity and hence were less pleasing to me. In addition, summary and response essays proved cumbersome as one had to critically understand the subject topic and related metadata such as the author’s name and the context of the narrative. Additionally, my examination of the four forms of essay that we covered, revealed varied level of difficulty for each. Personally, I classified the narrative essay as the most complex and challenging. The skill of conceptualization which is the foundation of every spectacular literary work was highly demanded in the development and completion of the narrative essay. Closely related to the narrative essay was the explanation of the concept a research paper which was basically the theoretical framework of a research paper. The theoretical framework is characterized by robust research concerning information from other sources, theories and concepts pertain to the subject topic, followed by elaborate synthesize and synergy of the varied information to develop a single holistic viewpoint. I found the difficulty level of the summary and response essay to be moderate. Unlike other forms of essays, I was readily provided with materials

The Rise of Mao Zedong within the Communist Party in China, Essay

The Rise of Mao Zedong within the Communist Party in China, Culminating in the Proclamation of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949 - Essay Example He started his career as a teacher. In 1918 he left for Beijing and worked as assistant librarian at the Beijing University. There he became member of Marxist study group. In 1919, he returned to Changsha and became more attracted to the message of Russian revolution and Leninist version of Marxism. Mao was one of the thirteen delegates who attended the Chinese communist party's founding congress which was secretly convened in Shanghai in July 1921 (Mao, 2011). Mao was more attracted to countryside and peasants than cities and proletariats. He spent more time on studying the rural socio economic conditions and focused on organising the peasants. In fact, he discovered the great revolutionary potential of peasants. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has merged with the nationalist party of Kuomintang in 1923. However, this partnership did not last long. By 1927, it became clear that Mao and Chiang had different perceptions on Soviet interests in China. Mao supported Soviet Union while Chiang opposed it. As a result, the CCP- Kuomintang alliance broke. Both the leaders competed for domination of China. While Mao focused on rural areas, Chiang focused on urban areas. In 1927, Mao published the Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan. It contained the important ideas of Mao. He believed in the power of the peasants and described it as a tornado. In his opinion it is "so extraordinarily swift and violent that no power, however great, will be able to suppress it." (2011). He believed in the revolutionary creativity of peasants which Marxist-Leninists reserved for the Communist Party. According to Mao, it is not the party which has to determine the revolutionary capabilities of the peasants, but the peasants who has to judge the capability of the party for revolution. From April, 1927 onwards, Chiang Kai-shek focused on destroying communists and their organisational base in urban areas. Rise of Mao Mao had great admiration for sun Tzu and gave prior ity to maintaining an army. So he formed the Red Army. He knew that war against the powerful state will take years to win. He worked for gaining support for the red army among the peasants. He followed the tactic of sun Tzu, attack when stronger and retreat when weak (Seize the Night, 2010). Mao applied this strategy four times when confronted with the strong forces of Chiang. In 1930, a notable incident called the Futien incident occurred. That is, Mao suspected that a red army unit in Jiangxi is not supporting him and so ordered execution of 3000 officers and men. This shows Mao’s strict nature. Between December 1930 and September 1931, there were three guerrilla campaigns under the leadership of Mao, but failed. The fourth guerrilla campaign in 1932-33 was also a failure. But, the fifth one succeeded. In 1934, after series of defeats, the communists and three red armies were pinned down in the mountains of Jiangxi Province in southern China. The communist army became exhau sted as a result of harassment form the Kuomintang. As a result of the nationalist offensive, the communists and the red armies decided to flee their southern bases and retreat to meet Communist forces in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia in northern China (Hays, 2011). This retreat is known as the long march. It was a six thousand mile march. The long march began in Jiangxi on October 16, 1934 and crossed 24 rivers, 18 mountain ranges (5 covered with snow) and 11 provinces before it ended after 368 days at the caves of Yenan on the edge of the Gobi desert in northern China (Hays, 2011). On January 8, 1935, they met in Zunyi in Guizhou province. There, they discussed the future leadership of the communist party. The old leadership and generals of the red army supported Mao. He was made the

Critically evaluate John Lewis Partniership as an example of conscious Essay - 1

Critically evaluate John Lewis Partniership as an example of conscious capitalism - Essay Example The company has a great distinction of being the high-street website in United Kingdom. The image of the company is upmarket, and it helps in appealing to both the middle and upper class shoppers. Recently, the company has broadened its marketing strategy towards all types of buyers in the market. This has been done through the introduction of the value range to the John Lewis stores and essential to Waitrose supermarkets, and ultimately the expansion of the whole business. The model upon which John Lewis Partnership has been able to develop success, provides the most valuable array of information, where people may draw as they seek to develop alternative businesses anchored to the principles of social economy. John Lewis’ legal form has been used to distinguish it from other businesses. Firstly, John Lewis partnership has a constitution guiding the operational processes. The shareholders profits do not dictate, but it based on a series of its principles. On this case, the members’ happiness is considered the supreme purposes of the partnership. Such happiness relies on the workers having a satisfying job in a successful business (Gomm 2004, p.6). John Lewis partnership employs the principles of conscious capitalism to run the organization. The employees and not an individual own the company. The paper will expound briefly on the background of John Lewis partnership and conscious capitalism. It will also evaluate both John Lewis and Conscious capitalism principles and their applicability. Finally, it will also look into how the partnership uses the principles of capitalism to run. John Lewis became a first legal entity in the year 1929 after the creation of the initial trust settlement. All of the company’s profits were available for distribution among the partners of the company, which are the employees. The founder of the John Lewis partnership, Spedan Lewis, had to sacrifice his personal ownership in order to fulfill his underlying dream

Cloning Essay Example for Free

Cloning Essay This paper seeks to explore the scientific concept of cloning. The focus is on the origin of cloning, its meaning, and human cloning as well as the moral, ethical and legal issues surrounding human cloning. The paper goes further on folk wisdom and pregnancy. Cloning in general refers to developing an identical copy of something. According to Morrison E. Eileen, John F. Monagle (2008, p. 103), cloning in organism biology refers to the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another organism. This involves developing exactly similar DNA make up between the two organisms. Cloning may be categorized into recombinant DNA technology cloning, reproductive cloning or therapeutic cloning. The first organism to be clone was a tadpole in the year 1952 through nuclear transfer technology; this was a product of several researches by scientist which were both published and unpublished. DNA cloning has a substantial contribution towards gene therapy, genetic engineering of organisms, and sequencing genomes. Gene therapy can be used to treat certain genetic conditions by introducing virus vectors that carry corrected copies of faulty genes into the cells of a host organism. Genes from different organism can be used to develop pest and disease resistant animals and plants. Through cloning, desired qualities in an organism can be retained. For instance, genetically engineered food crops are targeted at improved tastes and nutritional value and 2001 cloning of baby mouflon in Italy. Several factors have made scientists to believe that human cloning is impossible. There has been inefficiency in animal cloning with approximately 1-2 viable off springs in 100 attempts by researchers (Human Gerome Project, 2008). The few successful cloning are also prone to infections hence premature deaths are common with clones. A part from being considered unethical, scientists are afraid of the impact of cloning on human mental development. However, Australian House of Representatives passed a bill in 2006 legalizing therapeutic cloning and the creation of human embryos. Researchers believe therapeutic cloning could result in cures for diseases like Parkinsons and Alzheimers. Human cloning could also help resolve infertility problems by allowing those unable to pass genes to future generations to do so in a way that is at least analogous to the familial linkage of twins. (Cass R. Sunstein, Craven N. Martha, 1998, p. 71). Human cloning however faces some challenges as some people believe it is unethical to use a human clone to save the life of another. Other critics emphasize that interpersonal relationships and personal histories of people should be allowed to transfer between generations naturally as they believe cloning is interference in this process. Many religious organizations like the Catholic Church oppose all forms of cloning based on the belief that life begins at conception. Critics also say that clones tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders which has a major health implication. Most troubling is the legal concerns regarding the protection of the identity of the individual and the right to protect ones genetic identity. There is still no consensus on parenthood of a human clone and whether a clone child will have an open future. (Human Gerome Project, 2008) During pregnancy, the mother and the child are all and the same thing hence a lot of caution should be exercised on food and any substance consumed by the mother. Pregnant mothers should particularly refrain from smoking as this affects the mental and motor development of the child. Smoking constricts blood vessels hence limiting nutrients and oxygen supply to the foetus. This can result in mental disability or less brain weight. Their can also be developmental disability as well as poor coordination of motor skills when born.

Analysis of Peripherin-2 Cone Mutation V268I

Analysis of Peripherin-2 Cone Mutation V268I Introduction: 1.1 Composition of Retina: Eye an organ which is known for its sensory function Vision, serves as a basis for perception of the world outside. Three layers of tissues enclose the eye, outermost layer sclera, middle layer choroid and inner layer retina. Central macular region of the retina called as fovea consist of photoreceptor cells, where maximum visual acuity is possible due to minimal light scattering. Iris found in region between the cornea and lens acts like an aperture controlling the amount of light that could enter and pass through retina (Siegel and Sapru.2011). Retina consists of following layers: The outer most primary epithelium layer with pigmented melanin cells absorbs uncaptured light preventing reflection back to rest of retina. The later parts of retina layers involved in sensing and processing of light stimulus are the layers with photoreceptor cells- light sensitive region with rod and cone cells, external limiting membrane, outer nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform layer and inner most layer with ganglion cell axon fibers. Optically as light when imaged onto retinal photoreceptor layer, light passing through this layer with rods and cones converts light stimuli to electric signal through horizontal cells, further processed through bipolar, amacrine before they reach ganglion cells. From the axons of Central Nervous System (CNS) ganglion cells information is passed in the form of action potential to optic disc and optic nerve signal is received by brain’s visual center. (Ayoub, 2008). 1.2 Composition of Photoreceptors: Retina is made up of two different types of photo receptors- Rods and cones, the ratio of these photoreceptors vary in different species depending on its habitat being diurnal or nocturnal, in human’s rod cells are in majority with cone cells in a ratio of 20:1 (Mustafi et al., 2009). Rods and cones consist of outer segment, inner segment and synaptic terminal. Towards outer surface retina outer segments are located, these segments contain membranous discs arranged in the form of a stack, and these regions are involved in photo transduction by detecting photons and converting them into electrical signals. Inner segment consist of nucleus, both segments are integrated by a stalk containing microtubules. The synaptic terminal carries out synaptic contact with other cells (Siegel and Sapru. 2011). Retinal pigment epithelial cells phagocytize the aged disks which are shed from distal end when new a new disk is added to the base (Young. 1967). Fig: 1 Structure of rod and cone cell. In rods outer segment disc membrane is separated by plasma membrane, disks consist of enclosing lipid bilayer compartment called as disk lumen or intra distal space. Lamellar region of the disk is joined by curved rim region, lamellar region consist of photoreceptor protein, Rhodopsin – an integral membrane protein, and curved rim regions consist of filaments extending to cytoplasmic regions of adjoining disks maintaining structure of outer segment. Rim regions also contain membrane proteins Rim-1, a high molecular weight protein and two other lower molecular weight proteins Peripherin/rds and Rom-1. In cones discs are not completely formed, they are adjoined and are continuous with plasma membrane. (Molday. 1994). These two proteins Peripherin/rds and Rom-1 are homologous in structure, peripherin/rds is expressed both in rods and cones while Rom-1 is only found in rods, they can interact to form dimers and tetramers. (Elizabeth. 2005) Cones are known to be responsible for vision during daylight and mediate color vision, while rods do not. Axial structure of cones makes them capture light efficiently during day, with fast responsive membrane potential with less integration time. There are three types of cones L, M, S cones which are specific to a region of visible spectrum to which they are found to be sensitive. L cones are sensitive to ÊÅ ½max~ 553-565, M cones are sensitive to ÊÅ ½max~ 530-537, S cones are sensitive to ÊÅ ½max~ 415-430, frequency of photons. (Mustafi et al., 2009). Rods are specialized to work under dim light conditions, rhodopsin is the most abundant protein found in the rods constituting about 85 % of total protein in rod outer segments. (Elizabeth. 2005). Circuit transmitting information to ganglion cells is different in rods and cones, each rod bipolar cell is connected to many rod cells, and many rod bipolar cells are connected by amacrine cell. More convergence make rods better detector of light but reduces spatial resolution. In cones it’s less convergent as each ganglion cell receives input from only one cone bipolar cell, which is connected to single cone cell (Mustafi et al., 2009). Signal transduction in Photoreceptors: The signaling cascade in photoreceptors involves from light absorption till signal generation by membrane polarization, resulting in controlling the rate of release of neurotransmitter through synaptic terminal. In Dark light condition gyanylate cyclases (GCs) actively produce high Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, There by the cGMP sensitive cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel is in its open state and gives rise to the influx of Na+ and Ca+2. Rods and cones are depolarized to ~35 to 45 mV, where outer segment membrane channels are open permeable to Na+ by effluxing k+ balancing cations. This constitutes a circuit known as â€Å"Dark or circulating current†. In this condition with the channel opened for influx of ca+2 initiates the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic terminal. In light conditions cation channel in outer membrane is closed, thereby membrane hyperpolarizes towards equilibrium potential for k+, causing halt in neurotransmitter release (Jindrova. 1998). When photon is absorbed by Rhodopsin- a 40 kDa protein belonging to G protein coupled receptors, consist of a protein opsin, a single polypeptide with seven transmembrane helical segments forming three cytoplasmic loops and a chromophore 11-cis retinal, which binds to lysine, 296 residue on opsin’s seventh helix. In rods and cones photon absorption leads to isomerization of 11-cis retinal form to all trans retinal confirmation and in the surrounding opsin repositioning of cytoplasmic loops occur which in turn activates the protein to Metarhodopsin II (R*) state, which stimulates the heterotrimeric G protein transducin (Hargrave et al.1993; Scot and John . 2008). Preceding from here all the steps occur in dark state, Transducin stimulates cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE6) to hydrolyze cGMP to 5’GMP by dissociation of ÃŽ ³ subunit from PDE ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ² subunits, resulting a vast increase of 5’GMP and decrease in cGMP concentration leading to the closing of the CNG channel. As a consequence, the outer membrane hyperpolarises to ~-70 mV and release of neurotransmitter is halted to bipolar cells, finally light signal information is sent by termination of transmitter release to the brain. For regeneration of dark current, the Rod cell needs to restore back the concentration of cGMP which is regulated by concentration of Ca+2 and by gyanylate cyclases (GC), Ca+2 molecules are bound by gyanylate activating proteins. In light conditions, where the CNG channels are closed and Ca+2 levels are low, the low level of calcium activates gyanylate activating proteins, which in turn stimulates gyanylate cyclases leading to production of cGMP. Increased level of cGMP causes to open CNG channel and dark current is restored (Jindrova. 1998). Additional mechanisms are found to be involved to restore the molecules from active to inactive state. Inactivation of Rh* by phosphorylation, catalyzed by rhodopsin kinase (Chenet al.1999). Phosphorylated rhodopsin is blocked by the protein arrestin by binding to it preventing activation of transducin, resulting in breakdown of activated rhodopsin (Xu et al,. 1997). The all trans retinal disassociates from opsin, diffuses to cytosol transported to outersegment then into pigmental epithelium where it is reconverted to 11- cis retinal, then the recycled 11 -cis retinal is transported back to outer segments. Peripherin- 2: This membrane protein is named on basis of localization studies done in 1987, which revealed that this protein was found localized around the periphery region of the outer segments, disks in rods and lamellae or disks in cones. (Molday et al,. 1987). In humans peripherin/rds is encoded by cDNA Peripherin/rds with open reading frame of 346 amino acids, weighing 39.3 KDa (Travis et al., 1989). Peripherin is an integral membrane glycoprotein having four trans membrane domains. When photoreceptor cells fail to develop in outer segments it results in retinal disorder named retinal degeneration slow (rds). Amino acid sequence of peripherin in bovine photoreceptor cell is 92.5% identical to protein encoded by rds gene in wild type mouse. Localization of these proteins was also found to be in rod outer segment (ROS) membranes, implying the role of peripherin-2 as a cause in retinal disorder. (Connell et al, .1991). Peripherin protein is also known and addressed with many other names like pho toreceptor peripherin, peripherin-2, peripherin/rds, rds/peripherin and rds. The two dimensional structure proposed consisted of four membrane spanning domains, with its N and C terminals located intracellular in extradiscal space, two extra cellular loops D1 and D2 ( EC1 and EC2) are localized with each containing a N-linked glycan in intradiscal space. The D2 loop among four species mouse, rat, human and bovine is found to be 92% identical, predicted that evolutionary drift in this loop could be a reason for its involvement in protein -protein interactions. (Connell and Molday, 1990; Travis et al., 1991). Fig: 2 Structure of Peripherin-2. D2 loop in intradiskal region is found to be key in protein folding and tetrameric subunit formation, changes in amino acids in this loop resulted in either protein misfolding or reduction in sediment coefficient of protein or even both, seven cysteine residues found in this loop to be important for intramolecular disulphide bonds, one of the cysteine residue is responsible for polymerization of tetramers (Loewen and Molday, 2000). When seven conserved cysteine residues were replaced they showed abnormalities, C214S linked mutant for adRP was not normally folding and interacting with rom-1 protein to form tetramer. While in C150S mutant failed to form intra molecular disulphide bonds, these results revealed that cysteine residues were crucial for folding of protein and subunit assembly, failure of these functions are linked to retinal disorders like adRP. (Goldberg et al., 1997). Human rom-1 protein with 351 amino acids exhibiting 35% identity to peripherin-2, hydropathy profiles revealed that rom-1 and peripherin-2 have a similar topology with four transmembrane domains, one of differences noted in the both the proteins were consensus sequence for N-linked glycosylation is absent in the rom-1 (Molday. 1994). Peripherin homologous protein rom-1 forms disulfide-linked dimers with each other (Bascom et al.,1992). Peripherin-2/rom-1 core native complex was found to exist as a tetramer, membrane curvature was found to induce with tetramer formation when they were reconstructed in lipid vesicles (Kevany et al,. 2013). Peripherin-2 associates with itself and also with its homologue rom-1 in forming homo and heterotetramers core, these tetramers when linked intramolecularly together by disulphide bonding forms octamers and higher order oligomers (Loewen and Molday. 2000). A highly conserved region within the C-terminal domain of peripherin/rds was found to be import ant for membrane fusion, it forms a complex with melanoregulin (MREG) onto the last five residues of the C-terminus (Gln341-Gly346), membrane fusion is important in organelle biogenesis, disc morphogenesis and disc shedding. (Boesze-Battaglia et al., 2007). Peripherin/rds plays a major role in rod and cone outer segment morphogenesis. In mice, absence of peripherin/rds leads to develop normal photoreceptor inner segments but they fail to form outer segments, these outer segments undergo apoptosis (Nir and Papermaster. 1986). Peripherin- 2 is found to have differential roles in rod and cone cells with respect to their binding partners. Peripherin 2 found to be binding with the Glutamic acid rich protein (GARP) portion of ÃŽ ² subunit of rod CNG channel. This interaction is predicted to anchorage disc rim and rod plasma membrane, but in cone CNG channel such interaction was not observed, as GARP is not expressed in cone CNG channel or in other from. (Conley et al,.2010). Peripherin-2 links CNGB1a CNG channel subunit to rhodopsin, these three forms a complex localizing its contact between disk rims and plasma membrane regions. FRET experiments revealed that transmembrane -4 (TM4) of periperin-2 is key for rhodopsin interaction. In peripherin-2, G266D mutation specific to TM4 region, eliminated the specific binding capacity of peripherin-2 with rhodopsin (Becirovic et al,. 2014). Peripherin-2 being a multifunctional protein and mutations in peripherin/RDS gene results in a broad spectrum of retinal disorders like macular dystrophies, cone and cone-rod dystrophies and retinitis pigmentosa. Studying Peripherin/RDS mutations and protein structure elucidates pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these retinal disorders for effective therapeutic intervention (C.J.F. Boon et al,. 2008). Zscan29: At present, very less information is known and available regarding the function, structure and localization of this protein Zscan29. mRNA specific for this protein were found to be expressed in retina through RT- PCR experiments from mice different tissues. In mice 5 different isoforms of this protein were found, with longest isoform having 869 amino acids (aa), and other isoforms were of 834 aa, 548 aa,265 aa,206 aa. The isoform with 265 aa was found to interact with the C- terminus of CNGB1a sub unit of CNG channel. In long isoforms with 869aa and 834aa, a SCAN domain, a DUF2 domain, 2 GT-1 domains and 6 zinc finger domains were found. The scan domain is predicted to be a DNA binding domain and involved in transcription regulation, as this domain in other proteins were also found to be associated as transcription factors. DUF-2 Domain function is unclear and yet to be known, Two GT-1 domains of 79 aa each, were predicted to play a major role in light sensing mechanisms by binding GT trihelix transcription factors. (___citation__). In Arabidopsis GT-1 is predicted to respond to light signals via calcium dependent phosphorylaton, after GT-1 binding to GT cis element of light inducing gene (Bauer et al). Fig: 3 Isoforms of Zscan29 protein with its domains. Aims of this work: Analysis of Peripherin-2 cone mutation V268I: Verification of the interaction of WT peripherin-2 and peripherin-2 with mutation at V268I position with S-opsin, M-opsin and Rhodopsin via co immunoprecipitation from HEK293 cells. Interaction and localization of Peripherin-2, V268I mutation in mouse retina. Analysis of Peripherin-2 mutations at position P210: Verification of the interaction of peripherin-2 protein with mutations at P210 position with wild type Peripherin-2 and its homolog Rom-1 via coimmunoprecipitation from HEK293 cells. In vitro imaging of HEK293 cells expressing peripherin-2 protein with mutation at P210 position. Expression and localization of Peripherin-2, P210L and P210R mutations in mouse retina. Affinity purification of Anti-Zscan29 antibody and checking antibody efficiency.

If I had it my way, I would tone down the zero tolerance act. It Essay

If I had it my way, I would tone down the zero tolerance act. It just punishes too harshly for some things. I think that it needs to distinguish the difference between minor problems, like playing with a toy gun, and major problems, like having drugs. Zero Tolerance The zero tolerance policies call for students to receive automatic suspensions or expulsions as punishment for certain offenses, primarily those involving weapons, threats, or drugs. I agree that safety is an important concern in schools, but sometimes the zero tolerance policy is taken too far. It is as if administrators don’t distinguish between minor and major discretions. I do believe that students who get in fights or who bring drugs into school should be punished. However, a third grader who shouts â€Å"b...

Free Things They Carried Essays: Another World :: Things They Carried Essays

Another World Portrayed in The Things They Carried In several stories from The Things They Carried, Tim O'Brien deals with the way that American soldiers of the Vietnam War related to being "in country," or out of their own country and halfway across the world. O'Brien creates the concept that Vietnam and the war there is "another world" throughout the stories. None of the soldiers he writes about feel at home in Vietnam, and none of them successfully adapt emotionally to being so far from home. O'Brien subtly introduces the concept of "another world" in the title story of the book. In describing how easy it would be for a soldier to give in to the pressures of war and just collapse on the trail, thereby getting sent home or to a hospital, the narrator says that "the chopper... would... carry you off to the world [italics added]" (21-22). The careful reader will pick up on O'Brien's subtlety and realize that if the soldiers - for the narrator does speak for the soldiers as a collective - feel as if Vietnam is not in the world, then they must feel as if they are in "another world." This exact phrase is used later in the same story. When Lieutenant Cross is thinking about his girlfriend Martha, he chastizes himself for his useless fantasies. He thinks to himself that Vietnam is "not Mount Sebastian, it [is] another world" (24). Then in "How To Tell A True War Story," O'Brien reiteraties the concept. The soldiers of the story are hearing music coming from afar, and the narrator describes it as "all very civilized, except this isn't civilization. This is Nam" (74). This blunt statement captures the soldiers' feelings that they are in "another world." To them, Vietnam is a world without civilization; it is a world so different than the one they are accustomed to that they cannot function. O'Brien returns to the "another world" idea once more in "Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong." As the narrator is describing the loss of Mary Anne's feminitiy, O'Brien writes that "Cleveland Heights now seemed very far away" (98). Mary Anne has joined the world of Vietnam, the world of the war, and lost contact with the "real world." This is the same thing that happened to O'Brien's soldiers. Being in another world caused them to lose their ability to relate to their own world, and this manifested itself in veterans as soon as they came back from the war.

Fahrenheit 451 Pg 113-129 Journal Essay

â€Å"What is there about fire that’s so lovely?†¦ It’s perpetual motion; the thing man wanted to invent but never did†¦ What is fire?†¦Its real beauty is that is destroys responsibility and consequences†¦clean quick, sure; nothing to rot later. Antibiotic, aesthetic, practical† (Bradbury 115). This section of reading is without argument dominated by fire and its effects. For the society in F 451, fire is the magic elixir for cleansing life of its hardships and enigmas. Montag uses fire to cleanse his life of the restraints that are holding him back from freedom. Before Chief Beatty sends Montag to burn his own house, he informs Montag that fire is the solution to everything. Beatty sends Montag into his home with a powerful weapon. This powerful weapon is simply an explanation. To the reader’s dismay, the explanation is later used against its dragoman. As Montag begins to enjoy burning his own house down, he begins to concur with Beatty that fire is the solution to anything and everything. Bradbury makes it evident that Montag enjoys burning his house by using descriptive accounts like â€Å"it was good to burn† (116) and â€Å"Fire was best for everything† (116). As he fires each shot of liquid fire, Montag is incinerating his past into ash. Fire plays a contradictory role in this reading. Montag uses fire as his liberator against his past, while at the same time violates its vast power. Since Montag‘s past has held him down for so long, he is feeling pleasure getting rid of it. To do so, he uses fire’s sheer dynamism to justify his problems, a lesson he derives from Chief Beatty. Montag’s cowering back to his old way of thinking shows the reader that he may not have changed as much as he believes he did. This is the case until he gets rid of the seconds thing that is holding him back from total edification. The barrage of quotes and explanations that Beatty radiates help prevent Montag from becoming completely contumacious and incorrigible against power. To eliminate the force that prevents him from being liberated, Montag uses fire to kill a pundit of fire. Ray Bradbury has filled F 451 with instances of irony, so unsurprisingly he uses a major one in the climax of the novel. Beatty uses fire to defend his mentality and the mentality of society, but ironically the bulwarking of fire leads to Beatty’s demise. In tonight’s reading, Montag successfully exterminates two of the three things that hold him back from outright emancipation. To eliminate Chief Beatty and his past, Montag uses fire. Up to this point, Montag uses fire as a tool for dissipation. In this section, however, Montag uses fire as a tool to free himself from the restraints of a vacant life. Bradbury depicts to the reader that Montag craves change by writing â€Å"burned the bedroom walls and cosmetics chest because he wanted to change everything† (116). The third and final obstacle that is holding Montag back from utter freedom is his own conscience. If he can learn to control his feelings and reasoning, Montag will be free once and for all.

Intellectual Reasoning vs. Instinct

It has been said from Plato onward that man's reasoning is his highest faculty and makes him superior to animals. In the short story â€Å"To Build a Fire,† by Jack London, man’s intellectual reasoning ability is regarded as â€Å"second class† to that of the survival mechanism that is embedded within humans and animals alike. This survival mechanism is sometimes referred to as instinct. If solely depended on, man’s intellectual reasoning may be clouded, imprudent and even detrimental, leading him to the wrong decision.Instinct, on the other hand, is a natural reaction pre-programmed into man for survival and cannot be altered by reasoning, making it superior to reason. As the story opens, the man clearly understands that the â€Å"day had broken cold and gray, exceedingly cold and gray,† and still he insists on continuing his journey (650). The fact that the temperature is below freezing did not seem to bother him. He is ignorant of the cold.As he stands surveying the snow covered Yukon trail, â€Å"the mysterious, far-reaching hair-line trail, the absence of sun from the sky, the tremendous cold, and the strangeness and weirdness of it all—made no impression on him† (651). He is determined to join the boys at camp to enjoy the warmth, food, and companionship regardless of the weather. The man is very observant about his surroundings, however, â€Å"he was without imagination† (651). The temperature is about seventy-five degrees below zero, which means that it is about one hundred and seven degrees below freezing.To him, the air is cold and uncomfortable, and nothing more. He ignores the fact that he is a warm blooded creature and as such only able to survive at certain temperatures. Anything beyond that range requires not only intellectual reasoning ability but also instinct. The big native husky that accompanies him on his journey is his only companion. The animal can adapt to the cold weather, but on t his occasion it is very apprehensive about traveling in the extreme cold. The dog’s instinct â€Å"knew that it was not time for traveling.Its instinct told it a truer tale than was told to the man by the man’s judgment† (652). The dog does not understand how temperature is measured or even how a thermometer works. It inherited this instinctual ability from its ancestry. It relies on this innate ability for survival. It craves warmth, and knows that man can create fire and warmth. Its instinct for warmth and survival tells it this is not a time to be traveling. The man stops at each creek or river bend, and observes â€Å"the changes around the creek, the curves and bends and timber-jams† (653).He knows if he walks on ice that is not frozen to the bottom he will crack the ice cap and break through it. Breaking through the ice will cause him to get wet. Under such an extreme, bitter cold temperature, being wet can be fatal. The man tries to compel the dog to go ahead. However, it hesitates. It will not go and stays back until â€Å"the man shoved it forward, and then it went quickly across† (653). The dog brakes through the ice and scampers back on land. Quickly, it begins to â€Å"lick off its legs, then dropped down in the snow and began to bite out the ice that had formed between the toes† (653).This is not a matter of intellectual reasoning but rather instinct. Because the dog is now wet and cold, the dog is apprehensive about traveling further. The relationship between the man and the dog is like that of an owner to an animal. There is no â€Å"keen intimacy between the dog and the man, the dog made no effort to communicate its apprehension to the man† (654). When the man finally reaches the left fork on the other side of the creek, he did not see signs of any springs. Once again, the man is relies on his visual perception, but he fails to recognize the danger.He thinks it is not necessary to send the dog ah ead because he did not see any signs of danger. Unfortunately, at a place â€Å"where the soft, unbroken snow seemed to advertise solidity beneath, the man broke through† (655). He is now wet from the waist down to his foot-gear. He escapes from the water and quickly works to build a fire. Memories of old-timer on Sulphur Creek creep into his consciousness. The old-timer repeatedly warned him of extreme cold temperatures in the Klondike, cautioning him not to travel alone without a partner when the temperature is fifty below or colder.The man laughed and thought, â€Å"the old-timer was rather womanish† (656). In his haste to start a fire, he did not notice that he built it under a spruce tree. The tree held the weight of the snow from many previous storms. Each time the man pulled on a twig, the tree moved. Finally, the branches released the snow, sending it falling down onto to man and extinguishing the fire. Standing in disbelief, he â€Å"heard his own death sente nce. † (656). Again, his memories returned to the old-timer on Sulphur Creek.Maybe the older-timer is right—â€Å"after fifty below, a man should travel with a partner† (657). With his life at the mercy of nature, he recognizes his foolishness. His final attempt to rebuild a fire is unsuccessful. He sees the dog and remembers a tale of a man who was caught in a blizzard. This man survived by killing a steer and crawling inside the cavity to keep warm. Perhaps killing the dog and burying his hands in its body will thaw them so he can build a fire. He calls to the dog, but the dog senses a â€Å"strange note in his voice that frightened it† (658).Its instinct senses danger – â€Å"it knew not what danger, but somewhere, somehow, in its brain arouses an apprehension of the man† (658). The dog stays clear of the man. Instinct is a natural part of every living creature. Its purpose is to alert its owner of impending danger, to override reason, to survive. The dog, through its instinct, is aware of the life-threatening conditions in the Yukon. The man, thinking he is smarter than nature, relies on his knowledge and ignores his instinct. By relying on his knowledge, mistakenly believing it to be his highest faculty, he ultimately forfeits his life.

American Family and the Home Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Family and the Home - Essay Example The results obtained from the 10 usable questionnaires are analyzed in this section. The data, represented in graphs and tables shows the perception of the respondents regarding American family and the home. The first question required the respondents to describe their families. The results indicated that the families are crazy; happy, funny and entertaining; big, loving, crazy and loud; dysfunctional; simple; large and crazy; small and successful; diverse; and divorced. Most of the families are crazy while a few are happy and successful. Most of the families are not very successful as they ought to be as some are dysfunctional.The second question asked: â€Å"What is the ethnic origin of your family?† The results were; Jamaican; Syrian, Native American; Italian, German, Irish, Puerto Rican; African-American; German/Irish; Caucasian; and White. This indicates that many of the families in America are of different origins with African-American, Italian and German/Irish tying at 20 percent.The third and fourth questions asked the role of the fathers and the mothers in the family. Results indicated that in more than 50 percent of the families. Fathers were the breadwinners and disciplinarians while mothers played the role of homemakers. Fathers play leadership roles while mothers are caregivers. Other respondents indicated that their fathers are absent possibly due to divorce thereby leaving mothers with the sole role of providing for the family, comforting them and leading them. Such mothers nurture the children.

Evaluate emerging trends in organizational behavior related to Essay

Evaluate emerging trends in organizational behavior related to high-performance workplaces and stress management techniques - Essay Example An organizational culture refers to a system of shared actions, values and beliefs that is present among the members of an organization. For example the corporate culture of Apple computers values the importance of innovation and creativity. Stress can be defined as tension from extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities (Schermerhorn, et al., 2003). There different stressors that cause stress in the workplace. Some of those stressors include task demands, ethical dilemmas, physical setting, and interpersonal problems. There are different techniques managers are using to deal with stress in the workplace. An emerging technique that is helping a lot of workers deal with stress is wellness programs. A wellness program involves maintaining a balance between physical and mental health. Providing the employees of a company with a gymnasium is an example of a wellness initiative that can help reduce stress in the workplace. People can reduce their stress by practicing relaxation techniques, meditation, or yoga. A simple way managers can help reduce stress in the workplace is by having several short breaks during a workday. References Schermerhorn, J., Hunt, J., Osborn, R. (2003). Organizational Behavior (8th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

The case of Abercrombie and Fitch Co Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The of Abercrombie and Fitch Co - Case Study Example The only negative result being a minimal decrease in the profits per square foot at the end of that fiscal period (Berman & Evans, 2011). The company should increase its effort on increasing retail space. Though the number of Hollister stores is one-third more than A & F, it is believed that the larger profits realized by the latter is due to a greater average size. The uncontrollable factors within any business environment are known as external factors or macro environmental factors. Such factors are usually beyond the control of any company or organization but rather they have to adjust for them to cope. For A & F, the Economic turmoil of 2007-2009 affected their operations (Berman & Evans, 2011).The turmoil was caused by the significant decrease in demand for the company’s products as a result of the prevailing economic conditions. As a consequence, the company realized a dip in its revenue. The second factor has been the entry of new competitors in the apparel industry. A & F experienced a decline in sales in 2009, and this was brought about by increased competition from companies like American Eagle and Aeropostale (Berman & Evans, 2011). It therefore, has to develop mechanisms to cope with such competitors in order to maintain or improve its profit margins the market share. A retail strategy involved developing a plan that is to be followed by a retailer in relation to the actions. They usually span a period of one year and include the following; missions, goals, consumer market, overall and specific activities and control mechanisms (Berman & Evans, 2011).

Legal Disabilities of Women and Letters on the Inequalities of the Essay

Legal Disabilities of Women and Letters on the Inequalities of the Sexes - Essay Example â€Å"Man has inflicted an unspeakable injury upon woman, by holding up to her view her animal nature, and placing in the background her moral and intellectual being† (Grimke 2). From this statement, the woman has placed in the back in regard to her intellectual and moral being; she is viewed by her animal nature and not on her human being nature. The woman further worsens the situation by submitting to such derogatory statements. The author states that â€Å"woman has inflicted an injury upon herself by submitting to be thus regarded; and she is now called upon to rise †¦ and claim those sacred and inalienable rights, as a moral and responsible being †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Grimke 2). The being of the woman is like that of a slave and it is absorbed by her master. Grimke (1) asserts that â€Å"all contracts made with her, like those made with slaves by their owner, are a mere nullity†. This indicates that any contract made between the man and the woman is futile; it cannot work since the woman has no legal rights. This can be illustrated by the following statement where men have convinced women that they do not possess any rights to investigate or examine the laws; â€Å"they have persuaded us, that we have no rights to investigate the laws, and that, if we did, we could not comprehend them; they alone are capable of understanding the mysteries of Blackstone, &c† (Grimke 1). The woman has been left by the man in regard to taking care of the family needs. The money that has been acquired through the marriage is spent by the man the way he pleases. â€Å"Yet a man may spend the property he has acquired by marriage at the ale-house, the gambling table, or in any other way that he pleases† (Grimke 2). From this statement it is clear that the woman has no right over the property spending. She toils hard to support the family regardless of her

Project Saturn Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Saturn - Case Study Example Saturn was to be a plant to produce a brand new car; GM had not been introducing a brand new car for some time. The name Saturn bears the name of the rocket ship the astronauts used to go to the moon. Saturn was to combine innovative technique in labor relations and innovative manufacturing technique. Roger Smith said that Saturn was the key to GM's long-term competitiveness, survival and success, and its mission was "to develop and produce an American-made small car that will be fully competitive with the best of the imports ' [and] affirm that American ingenuity, American technology and American productivity can once again be the model and the inspiration for the rest of the world." (Ingrassia) After careful planning, with intervention from governors of different states to have the plant built in their jurisdictions, Smith proceeded with the project in Spring Hill, Tennessee. More than two decades later, a new brand of recession hits the world. GM has a pending application for a bailout by the White House. And Saturn is about to be sold out to whoever wants it. What happened to the GM savior after all these years' It was Smith's dream - the savior concept of Saturn to put GM back on track. In the 1980s, GM was still struggling or was just recovering from the harsh realities of the recession. Yet, it was threatened by other auto giants of the time, like Ford, and the Japanese automakers Honda and Toyota. These companies had their own brand competitive cars and a distinct but effective management. Issue No. 2: How effective was the new brand of management and new technology on Saturn to bring GM to its desired leadership in the industry' The innovative technique in labor relations indeed materialize, but not the technology that Smith envisioned. Smith and the UAW agreed on a Memorandum of Agreement to implement plans for innovative technique in labor relations. Smith and UAW head Donald Ephlin signed the MOU which stated this principle: "We believe that all people want to be involved in decisions that affect them, care about their jobs and each other ' and want to share in the success of their efforts." This kind of effort proved effective and beneficial for the plant employees. They were now part of the management of the plant and even in hiring new employees. They felt they were part-owners of Saturn. But this produced resentment inside GM. Other GM brands viewed Saturn as unfair to them. The first Saturn cars went on sale in the fall of 1990 to great fanfare. When the Japanese auto makers bought one Saturn car and opened it up, they all laughed to what they discovered: "the dashboard had overlapping plastic panels that made it look cheap, and a harsh-sounding engine that stemmed from inferior motor mounts." (Ingrassia) Issue No. 3 - Did Saturn bring GM financial successes, and otherwise' Saturn was behind arch-rival Ford in earnings, quality and every other measure. GM's financial performance was lagging. The quality or different kind of car that Saturn was to build as envisioned by Smith did not materialize. Smith had bought whole companies, like Ross Perot's

Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Essay Example for Free

Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Essay Throughout the novel the Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao Yunior tells the story of oscars family that is allegedly cursed by the Fuku. The dominican family that roots back to when Trujillo was in power has been tragical effected by the Fuku. The main character Oscar is an awkward Dominican that balms his failures on the curse of the Fuku. The curse started back in the Dominican republic when the oppressive dictator Trujillo convicted oscars grandfather Abelard who was a respected doctor for conspiracy. When oscars grandfather was put in jail he was tortured and beaten, this was the origin of the curse for the Waos. Like a gene the curse has been passed down the family to oscar. The author Junot Diaz uses the motif of the Fuku to illustrate how bani allows her awful past to dramatically affect her and children. Everyone that lived in the dominican was in some way negatively effected by Trujillo. Oscar Wao was a living example of the fuku and how not only Trujillo effected the dominican people of his time but even the people two generations later. For example (p.5)â€Å"wether I believe in what many have described as the great american doom is not really the point. You live as long as I did in the heart of Fuku country, you hear these kinds of tales all the time everybody in san domingo has a Fuku story knocking around in their family.† Yunior is expressing the fact that even if you are not a believer of the Fuku curse if you are dominican there is a good chance it has affected you or your family. When oscars mother was left an orphan she was put through unbelievably awful circumstances much like her fathers. This time in Banis life effect who she became and how she parented Oscar.(78)â€Å"From 1951 on, â€Å"hija† and â€Å"madre† running their famous bakery near the plaza central and keeping their fading, airless house in tip-top shape. (before 1951, our orphan girl had lived with another foster family, monsterous people if the rumors are to be believed, a dark period of her life neither she nor her madre ever referenced. Their very own pagina en blanco). This quotation refers to how oscars mother was effected by the Fuku. The reason she was an orphan was because Trujillo killed her parents. The events of her childhood were a direct result of Trujillo but Bani had the power to put the past in the past and parent Oscar the right way, because Bani did not do this the Fuku lives on. Many times in the book a Wao has been injured almost to the point of death. Once was when Oscar attempted suicide. Oscars Suicide attempt was not just because he lost the first girl he has ever loved it was also because of how Oscar had almost no self esteem. Even his own mother would belittle him from a young age. The suicide attempt went wrong and Oscar survived to live another day. (p.191) â€Å"Except that this one of the garden dividers that they planted shrubs on and he hit the freshly tilled loam and not the concrete.† Because he hit the fresh loam he survived with many harsh injures instead of plummeting to his death as planned. This was an incident in Oscar Waos life that was a result of his failures like his failure to love or be loved. This failure stems back to how his mother raised him with very tough love because of the her childhood. The novel clearly illustrated how the Fuku has effected all Dominican people even if they had immigrated off the island. To me this novel is not about dominican people and there history it is about how only one man effected millions of lives not only in one point it time but for generations to come. Junot Diaz shows the reader how we all have the power to stop horrible things like the Fuku from effecting the next generation but you must have the power to leave the past in the past.